Topic: Seven Sisters

1 chapters across the catalog

The Shah’s "White Revolution" in 1963 introduced land reform, women's suffrage, and the privatization of state enterprises, which deeply offended Islamic clerics. Ayatollah Khomeini emerged as the primary critic of these reforms, labeling the Shah a puppet of the U.S. and Israel. Following violent riots, Khomeini was exiled for 14 years, while a global petroleum cartel known as the "Seven Sisters" maintained control over Iran's oil profits.